Reviewing Black Boy By Richard Wright English Literature Essay

Reviewing Black son By Richard Wright English Literature EssayBlack Boy is an autobiography written by Richard Wright, an African-American who lived in the South during the Great depression. Richard is a young black man who encounters the horrors of the dominant face cloth South and faces a crisis in his life in which he does not connect with the valet around him. by means ofout the autobiography, Richard has an itching fear biting at him that propels him to traverse the boundaries set upon him and allows him to get down his own identity. The fear that Richard faces relates with his physical longing, which is a token for all the suffering that he dismissures throughout his daily life. His fear in addition relates with his thriving smart for knowledge. The overwhelming timbreing of fear fifty-fiftytually thrusts Richard to let out his idleness and to take action. Richards hurt for knowledge and for achieving a connection with the land around him, serves as his escape f rom his fears, allowing him to accept the physical suffering and last giving him the courage and strength to find his own identity.At causaable four years old, Richard Wright is living at his grandparents foretoken in Mississippi. Richard decides to move with a b means removing the strays from it and watching them burn. Being just another curious kid, Richard wonders what it leave look interchangeable if he burned the curtains in the living room. He sets the curtains on make off and although he marvels at the sight, he realizes that the fire is beyond his control and he runs out of the room. He hides under the house in hope that he would not be found and in turn not be punished for his actions. Despite his pleads to be left alone, Richards father Nathan retrieves him from under the burning house. His mother, Ella, is furious and beats him until he loses consciousness. He retreats into an extreme fever for about a week. after Richard recovers, his family moves to Memphis, Tennessee where his father finds hold up in a drugstore during the night term. unmatchable day, Richard finds a stray birth that is so noisy it wakes Nathan who screams for Richard to kill the cat. Richard literally does that, knowing that his father did not actually mean it. Ella punishes Richard by making him dig a stern and bury the kitten. Soon after, Nathan deserts the family and leaves them without any(prenominal) money and in turn, without any food. This is the first case of physical hunger in Richard Wrights autobiography. For the first time in his life, Richard is scared that he wont be able to settle with his hunger. However, the hunger that arises in Richard is not the hunger that he feels physically without food, however the hunger to adapt to his surroundings and communicate with them.Hunger stole upon me so slowly that at first I was not aware of what hunger really meant. Hunger had always been to a greater extent or less at my elbow when I played, plainly now I began to wake up at night to find hunger standing at my bedside, gross(a) at me gauntly. The hunger I had known before this had been no grim, antipathetic stranger it had been an normal hunger that made me beg constantly for scribbleBut this new hunger baffled me, scared me, made me angry and insistent (16).The hunger that hung over Richard made him begin to movement. He begins to question e rattlingthing. He does not understand a massive amount of things, but at a young age he already has take in so much. Since Richard Wright is writing this auto biography from a much ulterior time, he is reflecting back on how he felt at this particular(prenominal) moment. The four year old Richard is no more than a undefiled child, however at that age he already has a trust for a variety of things. He states that he has a industrial-strength go for for food which can be satisfied temporarily, but what is not seen is Richards craving to have the ability to interact with his surrou ndings. Even at this age and posterior on in his life, Richard is unable to interact with his family and with society because he is refusing to do what they want him to do. Richard rebels and rebelling is his way of showing that he will not state and that his self-pride and unique identity is extremely important to him.Richard first hold ups his hunger for knowledge when a schoolteacher named Ella, moves in. She rents a room at Richards grandmothers house. One day, Richard stumbles upon Ella reading a book and he persuades her to read the book to him. The book, Bluebeard and his sevener Wives, is a novel filled with violence and murder and it utterly mystifies Richard. He is in a trance as Ella reads the beautiful flowing lyric to him. However, Ella is interrupted by Richards grandmother before she could finish. Richards grandmother firmly believes that fictive stories are on the same level as sins and lies. She opposes since she has an extreme abhorrence towards fiction whi ch she calls the devils work. When Richard protests and argues against his grandmother he is ignored and she storms off leaving Richard alone. This experience sparks persistence in Richard that remains with him throughout the residuum of his life. His hunger for adroit knowledge pushes him to break free of his grandmothers bonds and to pursue knowledge against all costs.I hungered for the sharp, frightening, breath victorious, almost painful excitement that the story had given me, and I vowed that as soon as I was old enough I would deal all the novels there were and read them to feed that thirstI had tasted what to me was life, and I would have more of it, somehow, someway (46-47).Richard has a first experience with reading. This experience sparks a determination in which he states he would have more of it, somehow, someway (47). Richards first experience with physical hunger gave him a reason to question. Richards first experience with intellectual hunger pushes him to take that extra graduation forward. In this, it is easy to conclude that even at a very early stage in Richards mental and physical development he has come to his own self-imposed conclusion that his intellectual hunger moldiness be nursed first. Reading becomes Richards first passion and allows him to survive. It gives him the push that he needs to break free of the boundaries set on him by his family as well as those of the society of the South, in order to further comprise his identity.Ella eventually moves out of the house as Richards grandmother is convinced Ella is the doctor reason for Richards seemingly devil-like behavior. Richards mother also named Ella and her two sons begin to extend towards Arkansas where Richards aunt Maggie and her husband live. However, when Hoskins, Aunt Maggies husband is murdered, they are constrained to flee back to Grannys house. Soon after though, Ella begins to consider Grannys religious routines as a nuisance and she, her boys, and Aunt Maggie mov e out once again. In the meantime, Maggie begins to date a man named Professor Matthews, who they find out, is hiding from the police. After Professor Matthews commits a crime involving the death of a woman, he and Aunt Maggie go north to escape trouble. Richards family begins once again to have a lack of money due to the absence of Aunt Maggies income. Richard eventually becomes so hungry he tries to sell his poodle for a dollar. A dust coat woman offers Richard ninety-seven cents but he refuses and a week by and by the poodle is struck and killed leaving Richard with nothing. Richard begins to nurture his own self-being, but barely after he begins to question himself. Richard has questioned his surroundings in the past, primarily regarding his unchangeable hunger for food, but he has neer questioned himself about anything. By taking a step forward and beginning to look inside of himself for the answers that he so truly desires, Richard is able to grow a strong reputation and a strong willpower that leads him to a wider separation from the black association and a closer connection to his identity.Anything seemed likely, likely, feasible, because I wanted everything to be possibleBecause I had no power to make things happen outside of me in the objective institution, I made things happen within. Because my environment was bare and bleak, I endowed it with unlimited potentialities, redeemed it for the sake of my own hungry and soggy yearning (85).Richard understands that the oppression that is happening to him and to the black community cannot be helped. He realizes that, although he can fight, it would be pointless. Instead of physically fighting, he resorts to look for himself for the answers. He still continues to question ceaselessly, but instead of asking why something is happening or why he should not do something he begins to question how. The fear and the hunger no longer hold him back. In actuality, they now push him forward and enhance his learning process. Richard develops a groovy sentiency of unique personality that no one else he knows seems to have. He senses that he is beginning to drift away from his family, from the community that he so desirably wanted to fit in with, and with the Jim Crow entropy. By acknowledging this fact and even accepting it, Richard furthermore nurtures his true identity and begins to close in on what he wants to do in his life.Richard has just begun to read and he has already read many novels by a whole slew of varied people. Reading was an absolute pleasure to Richard. He would stay in his rented room at night with a can of pork and beans and read. He proceed to forge more and more notes and so his trips to the library became more and more frequent. Richard gave in to the magical land of reading without a fight. He does not resist it he exclusively lets it seep in. One day, Richard decides that he would assay to write once again. He had done it before he should be able to do i t again. Yet, the words are held from him. The ability to write, the ability to sense that thrilling feeling once again, is kept from him. At this point, Richard reminisces back at his childhood and regrets that he did not discover his own personality earlier, his identity that distinguished himself from the black community until now.I had once tried to write, had once reveled in feeling, had let my crude imagination roam, but the zest to dream had been slowly beaten out of me by experience. Now it surged up again and I hungered for books new ways of looking and seeing it seemed a task impossible of achievement. I now knew what being a blackamoor meant. I could endure the hunger. I had learned to live with hate. But to feel that there were feelings denied me, that the very breath of life itself was beyond my reach, that more than anything else hurt, weakened me. I had a new hunger (294-296).Richard compares his hunger to write, to his physical hunger. During Richards childhood and growing up, he learned to deal with his hunger no proceeds how bleak it seemed. He went through days without a sufficient meal and it really hurt his physical growth. His desire for food however, was overshadowed early in his life by his hunger for knowledge. Richard has a stronger hunger for knowledge because he has an immense hunger to become unique, to extend beyond expectations and to just be himself. The hunger that he encounters physically will never equal his hunger for knowledge because he understands that it could not be helped during his childhood. He dealt with it because he knew that he had to. It happened everywhere, many black people were starving and Richard was no different in that way. Yet, in other senses Richard was different. He questioned, he asked, but he never truly pursued a life goal until now. There was a point in his life where he wrote but to his dissatisfaction the ability to address through words was not present in his mind. He hungers to find th em once again, because by finding them, he can find himself.Towards the end of the first part of Richards autobiography, he finally realizes what he wants to do with the sculptural relief of his life and he finds out who he truly is on the inside. Through all of the physical pains that he suffered, all the horrors of the oppressing white south that he endured, and all the abuse and poverty, he was able to stand strong and slowly grow into who he was destined to become. Richard discovers his place in the world and he discovers his identity. He has an opinion and it is worth something. Richard is not just simply a black man living in a white supremacist world. He uses his voice and he uses the power of words to fight for everything that he believes in and to fight against the white south and the racism that is shown everywhere. Just like H.L. Mencken Richard plans on using words to fight. He knows that physical fighting will not get him anywhere, but maybe just maybe, the power of wo rds would stun people just like they had stunned him in the past. He could use his life, he could use everything that he gained, and he could use his changeless hunger to change the world for the greater good. At last, Richards life achieved a purpose. He finally has something to live for, something that he desired more than anything else and above all something that made him feel happy and at peace with the rest of the world.

How Is Inactivity And Obesity Effecting Children Young People Essay

How Is In application And Obesity Effecting Children new People EssayThe rise of inactivity and its consequencesThe prevalence of sedentary lifestyles is increase in America and much of the developed world. In the US (our center of attention geographic bea of focus for this project) this trend coupled with poor take choices has nonably manifested itself in come up obesity rates across the orbit everyplace the past two decades as depicted in usher 1. As of 2008, over 68% of Ameri thunder mugs were categorized as being overweight, with almost half of that group being defined as obese or morbidly obesei. Between 1980 and 2002 overweight rates for children aged 6 11 more(prenominal)(prenominal) than doubled from 7% to 16%ii. Today that number is estimated to be closer to 20%iii.Shortened life spans. More than 14% of deaths in the US in 2003 resulted from obesity related conditions andDiminished motivation to be progressive. Being overweight or obese makes physical activit y more challenging, thus requiring greater commitment and effort to be active comp ard to a wellnessy weighted individual. The more overweight people become collect able to reduced levels of activity the less presumable they ar to engage in future activity. Furthermore, obesity is rattling much tied to depression which causes individuals to experience debase levels of energy and motivationiv.Teenagers the gateway to addressing rising inactivity levels.The number of age a consumer leads an active lifeThe variety of entertainments or fitness related activities the consumer engages in over those years andThe ingatherings that the two factors above drive demand for.In order to optimize across all drivers we honed in on teenagers (primarily 13-15) as our focus segment. We view other groups, much(prenominal) as adults and, retirees, and so forth, who piddle a shorter customer life judgment of conviction revalue and being, as being more set in their ways, both in terms of habi t and product affinities.In arriving at this focal segment we let taken the quest factors into considerationAccording to the Eight Stages of Development, adolescents learn virtually and define who they argon between the ages of approximately 12 and 19. If being athletic, or at least(prenominal) active, is not established as central to ones identity, the probability of prioritizing athletic activity later in life is promising diminished. If more children define themselves as being active during this influential period, the market for healthy, sustainable athletes will likely increase over meter.From a commercial perspective, the potential lifetime value of an active teenager is likely to be high uper than that of an average U.S. adult. firstly the follow of acquiring an active youth is lower, as there be fewer barriers to exercise/activity as outlined above. Secondly, the number of years that teenagers have to be active is signifi bedtly greater as they not only start young er but whitethorn potentially merry longer due to their adoption of healthy and active lifestyles.Teenagers ecumenicly have lower opportunity costs of activity and learning to exercise than adults. A combination of the greater amounts of leisure time available to them and their propensity to try out with new things makes teenagers more likely to be comfortable learning about and engaging in activity. Teenagers also tend to have many opportunities to use up to engage in activities. These include physical education (PE) programs, sports teams, community teams, and daily pick-up games.Section 2 of this report presents key underlying kneads and trends that currently surmount and have the potential to further diminish activity levels among teenagers.Section 3 of this report then discusses the selection criteria that potential solutions must satisfy in order to most effectively address the problem of teen inactivity. eventually Section 4 lays out a potential solution aimed at levera ging key influences to encourage more active lifestyles among teenagers.Section 2 Factors underlying teenage inactivityFamily influencesIn order to address the rising levels of inactivity among teenagers, it is necessary to first identify and understand the primary electronic network of influencers that ultimately furbish up their decision making demeanor and involvement in activities.Dual income single parent householdsTraditionally parents have been one of the strongest openings of influence over teenagers, and have played a crucial role in shaping their overall growth and development. However insights from interviews conducted with families in the Boston field of force put forward that shifts in the overall structure and composition of the average Ameri keep family have decreased the amount of influence that parents exert over their children.In particular, the steady increase in the number of dual income earners1 and the rise in the number of single parent households highl ight that parents today are cladding increasing time constraints. A signifi nett consequence of this phenomenon is that teenagers are more and more subject to less direct parental oversight, as working parents often outsource the watch of their children to external parties such(prenominal) as baby-sitters, nannies and daycare centers. darn parents have a vested interest in encouraging their children to lead active lives in order to promote overall health and well-being, external parties are more likely to encourage teenagers to engage in sedentary, home-based activities that are easier to supervise. Examples of such activities include watching TV, surfing the internet or playing boob tube games.Decline of parental role modelsAnother deductive reasoning of parental time constraints is that parents have less take care-to-face time with their children and consequently fewer opportunities to get them on the merits of direct an active lifestyle and adopting healthy eating habits . minded(p) these time constraints parents themselves are also less likely to demonstrate the very behaviors that they aim to instill in their children. Thus, an absence of role models that are leading active lives in the household could further explain why teenagers are tending towards more sedentary lifestyles.Additionally, if parents throw off less time prioritizing the on-going supervision and support of their childrens activity levels, teenagers may feel less motivated to enroll in sports or other physical activities at school. For example our interviews with parents suggest that parental inability to attend games to cheer for their children or even leave behind the basic resources that support their childrens involvement in sports, such as providing rides to practice, may result in teenagers being less inclined or able to pursue active lifestyles.Evolution of family diningA further implication of parental time constraints is that working parents are increasingly relying on whatchamacallit and on-the-go food solutions for meal preparation. These habits fundament have a profound impact on the overall health and well-being of their children as evidenced by Child Development research which suggests there is a link between the number of years a working mother spends in the custody and their childs BMI.vThe increase in child obesity has attracted a great fuck of media attention which has, in turn, resulted in a heightened sense of knowingness of health wellness issues among parents. The observation that child obesity persists in the face of this awareness suggests that parents are precluded from developing solutions because they lack the necessary tools to motivate their children in the face of time constraints. This insight highlights an area of opportunity for Nike to provide tools toAssist parents in incentivizing their children to lead more active lives andAssist parents in motivating their children in a way that fits into their busy schedules.Cri me parental attitudesAn emphasis on helicopter parenting2, which has take a craped popularity in recent times, combined with the persistent coverage of twist activity in the media has resulted in a heightened sense of paranoia around abhorrence levels and neighborhood guard among parents. The implications of helicopter parenting are straightforward. As parents become more concerned about the overall safety of their neighborhoods they are more likely to only allow outside activity with adult supervision. However, due to their individualized time constraints, they often encourage their children to stay indoors or transfer to school by car, rather than engage in outdoor activities or walk, for example. In this case, parents appear to be prioritizing the short term benefits of child safety over the long term risks of obesity and other future health problems due to reduced activity levelsFriend influencesIncreasing prominence of friends as influencersSiblings, particularly older o nes, have traditionally been a powerful source of influence over teenagers. Younger siblings generally tend to emulate the behavior and habits of their older siblings, especially if there is a positive relationship between the two. However as the size of U.S. households continue to decline, the average teenager is growth up with fewer siblings to rely on and learn behaviors from. As a result of teenagers being exposed to fewer siblings and busier parents, peers and friend groups have gained more prominence in the influence and authority they have over teenagers lives. school day influencesIn light of the factors discussed above, such as the limited amount of time parents spend with their children external environments can serve as important influences on teenagers. Schools are not only a physical representation of where teenagers spend most of their time outside the home, but are also the compass within which their affectionate networks converge.Teacher attitudes resource constr aintsGiven that teenagers are exceedingly exposed to their social networks at school, their fear of failing at physical activities can often overshadow their desire to try something new or different to shine in front of their peers causing them to shy outside(a) from any activity. For example, a school that has a reputation for being a leader in a certain sport, say basketball, may determine significantly more emphasis on winning than inclusion. In such environments, children have less room to fail, that is to say, not to be neat at basketball. Such overtly competitive situations can lead to divisions (ball players vs. non ball players) which hyperbolise less skilled students feelings of inadequacy.Teachers serve as de facto parents in the school environment. Their attitudes towards general wellness and encouraging teenagers can be powerful drivers of childrens sustained competitiveness in activities. However, the continuous budgetary pressures schools face often result in und erstaffing, which causes teachers to stretch themselves very thinly across large student bodies. In these situations, teachers may not be able to provide the level of cost increase and personal attention necessary for children to enthusiastically engage in activities. If a child does not enjoy participating in an activity, the child is unconvincing to engage in that activity again in the future.Tension between academics activityTeenagers are increasingly living in an achievement-oriented society, wherein the results of their efforts today can have a profound impact on their future options. In light of this, parents are getting their children involved in an array of two-timing(a) activities, such as debating clubs and honors classes, in order to increase their childrens chances of getting into good colleges. This additional competition on teenagers time often leads to reduced levels of activity. city influencesRural vs. urban settingsThe natural resources and climate of a region can impact activity levels depending on the type of sports they encourage. For example, hiking is an activity that requires minimal fiscal resources to participate and would likely encourage higher levels of activity. However, the relatively higher cost of participation in skiing may deter people from adopting the sport and therefore drive lower levels of activity.Media Technology influencesCelebrity influence Proliferation of media dissemination channelsCelebrities and pop culture icons have become significant influencers of social behavior as children spend less time with their parents. The emergence of statistical distribution channels such as Twitter has increased teenagers ability to gain direct approach path to celebrities. Given parents limited ability to monitor their childrens internet and bustling phone usage, teenagers are now accessing messages of varying quality. For example, children are no longer confined to watching PBS, which has focus on activity and wellness. They can now watch the latest craze on YouTube or access celebrity gossip on other outlets, which typically place a premium on glamorous lifestyles over healthy ones. Such messages can have a great degree of influence on children, who are particularly impressionable.Addictive characteristics of technologyPerpetually connected to the internet and their busy devices, teenagers today have become attuned to interacting with their environments using technology. Activity which requires them to disengage from electronic devices may be seen as dull and involve de-addiction from perceived high stimuli technology driven experiences.Physical vs. virtual interactionThe advent of mobile phones and online social networks has reduced teenagers need to meet in person, as they can rely on the immediacy of virtual communication. The increased usage of these platforms has fundamentally changed the ways in which teenagers interact with one another by allowing them to perch socially engaged without n eeding to physically walk or bike over to see a friend.

Stress, Anxiety and Depression among College Students

Stress, anguish and low gear among College StudentsStress, Anxiety and Depression among College StudentsAbstractStress, economic crisis and foreboding be major and comm and reported issue among the college schoolchilds. Mostly straining and embossment among college youths ar beget of their tuitional and academics performance. Usu everyy attempt, impression and anxiety atomic number 18 associated with decrease in grades which effects iodine look or another to students skills and ability to perform. Most common reasons for accent, depressions and other psychological problems are era stress, failure, tough competition, academic pressure, some other problems include emotional breakd avers out-of-pocket to inferior feeling for other for some life is not worthy. some(prenominal) students face psychological problems in a college they moldiness be head and counselled properly to get it on up with their emotional problems and some measures must be taken like forming stu dent counselling centres or mentors and mentee programme must be made compulsory on all colleges. Also a wellness committee should be formed and master copys must be engage and college must conduct activities for student and teachers too for their psychological conditions.1. IntroductionToday, I will talk about the stress, depression, anxiety and other psychological problems among the college students all around the world. I will discuss about the problems, its symptoms, and finally the methods to proscribe these psychological problems from happening.The college students are the future of our society, they represents the society investment for future thus their mental health is an important factor not only for them their own right but also for society as they are the oneness who are contributing for larger part of society. The psychological problems like stress, depression and anxiety among college students are increasing every year. at that place are some(prenominal) reasons for such psychological problem close common problems for these kinds of emotional disorders are greater academic demands, changes in social and family life, new and different environment. separate problems for depression and stress are season pressure, tough competitions, and pressure of academics and misgiving of failure.1.1 BackgroundWhat are psychological problems? According to health websites and health professional psychological problems like stress, depression and anxiety are disorder in mood that makes us sad and hopeless for periods of time. These kind of psychological problems take up significant effect on once life, work, health, his/her enjoyment and people he care about. These kind of physiological problems absorb impact for short time and long time, for short time psychological problems like stress and depression people feel low for some time but he is able to work and take care of daily activities. But risks are associated with long time psychological problems wh ich sometimes turn into physical illness. There are survey which says millions of people are affected by depression, stress and anxiety every year.The main cause of these psychological problems among college students are trying life, drugs or illness, family crisis, financial problems, for some it is callable to change from their high enlighten life, for others it may be separation from family and academic failure is also one of major cause of stress, depression and other anxiety problems.2. Why So Stress?Our anxiety does not empty tomorrow of its sorrows, but only empties today of its strengths Charles H. SpurgeonStudent forms the base of any societys future, their well-being is quite crucial not only to themselves, but also to the society. mental problems in the college students are becoming quite big and needs to be taken care off. These problems varies between 2% to 5% of total students populace. (Young, 1978)There are various reason why stress occurs among the students. F irst and fore almost is the idolize of academic excellence, often student fear of getting lower attach than expected. This is quite widespread, as practically marks will al directions be lower than what is expected. Other stresses mogul be due to changing environment from high school to college, being absent from home. It has been observed that the stress, anxiety and depression among the students in second year is way more than that was in the first year, this is primarily due to the increase in the load and complexities of the subjects to be learned. (Eisenberg D, 2007) This further gives an implication that proceeding to the further long time will exert more pressure on the student and so the stress will be more.2.1 Causes of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Students vexation of academic excellence.Living away from the family.Feeling of isolation and loneliness.Conflicting Relationship. change magnitude complexities in the academics.Financial condition.2.2 Symptoms of Stre ss, Anxiety and DepressionStress and anxiety often leads to depression, it is important to identify whether a student is having depression or not. It is recommended to natter a doctor. Doctor will ask following question to restrain whether you are stressing over something. (Farnsworth, 1970)Any history of depression cases.Depression cases in familyMedication history.Whether using drugs or alcohol.Negative thoughts of suicide and death.2.3 Treating Stress, Anxiety and DepressionOften institutions provide medication to the students to overcome depression. The mediation for such stress and depression includes only deuce effective treatments, antidepressants and psychotherapy. However there might also be the case where a combination of both the 2 treatment methods can be found. (McArthur, 1961)2.3.1 AntidepressantsAntidepressants in medical terms whole shebang on neurotransmitters. They are some specific compounds alter the way mind-set works and regulate mood. However it must be used with caution, as exact ways are quite uncertain, how it would work.2.3.2 PsychotherapyPsychotherapy is the most recommended way of treating stress and depression. It involves changing the psychology or the thought work out of the individual to permanently remove the negative thoughts. There are two ways by which this can be done, which are cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT).CBT helps an individual to change the thought process. It includes several sessions to change the way the individual thinks, which consequently moves him out of the depression. While, IPT is used for more serious cases, includes self-contradictory relationships and other serious personal problems.2.4 Preventive Measures to be taken by Educational InstitutionsWorkshops and seminars should be conducted, to identify the students having psychological problems of stress and depression.Institutions should mandatorily have counselling centres to keep a track of thought process of t he students.A survey or poll to be conducted to get a ascendable insight of the psychological problems among the students.Once the students with such psychological problems are found, individual ways of psychotherapy should be implemented on them. (Mowbray CT, 2006)2.5 SummaryStress, anxiety and depression is quite widespread in the students community. This is due to various facts such as academic pressure, personal relationships, environmental changes and so forth It was found that the quantity of students suffering from the psychological disorders was varying between 2% to 50%. There are some measure that can be taken by the institutional organisation, as discussed in the section 2.4.The most recommended way to treatment of psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety and depression is Psychotherapy. However in more serious cases there could be a combination of psychotherapy and antidepressants.ConclusionProblems like stress, depression and anxiety are serious issue not only for college students but also for us and we should always protect ourselves from getting such a serious and stressful disease. One must be ready to ask for support of his/her family or friends for help. These are dangerous disease thus one must be ready to take support and mentoring as early and appropriately. College must shape more affective and war environment for its student to better cope up with the system and adapt it rather than getting depressed and emotionally breaking and getting psychological problems. For psychological well-being of college students health education programs and mentoring should be added to its curriculum and closer attention should also be stipendiary on the teaching methods of institution, teachers and their teaching process.ReferencesEisenberg D, G. S. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality among university students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 534-542.Studied to fuck the fact and figures of anxiety, str ees and depression in studentsFarnsworth, D. (1970). Mental health and social change. Ann. Int. Med., 467-472.Studied to give out effect of social environment change on studentMcArthur, G. B. (1961). Problems committed with Studying Cf Emotional. Appleton-Century Crafts.Studied to analyse students thought processMowbray CT, M. D. (2006). Campus mental health services recommendations for change. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 226-237.Studied to analyse what institutions can doYoung, A. B. (1978). College blues. psychology Today, 80-82.Studied to analyse college environement in various years

Characteristics of Change Management Models

Characteristics of depart Management Models1.1 Evaluate the characteristics and application of a range of channel counsel models for different organisational social structures.Organisational structure is on that point to determine how the roles, cause and responsibility atomic number 18 assigned, controlled and coordinated and how in pissation flows among the different levels of management. There be some(prenominal) different structures and this depends on the organisations objectives and strategy. stratified this structure has a enormouser chain of command, all(prenominal) on a different level one high-pitcheder up the other, same(p) a pyramid. The advantages of this is federal agency and responsibility be sort and s headspring defined, opportunity for promotion motivates employees and employees hind endnister specialise and develop expertise in their field. On the other surpass the injustices ar conversation in the midst of de eruptments whitethorn be l ittle effective, closing making merchantman learn longer, may be harder to adapt and smorgasbord or even rivalry between departments.Functional this is one of the or so common especially in larger crinklees they do this by dividing the line of business via departments such as sale, marketing, finance, human reextractions etc. The advantages of this structure is that it is specialised so departments revolve closely on one bea of sue, productivity as they atomic number 18 specialised the staff argon skilled in the tasks they perform, accountpower in that respect atomic number 18 clear lines of management and clarity everyone extrapolates their roles. On the other arrive at the disadvantages may be closed communication, co-ordination may become difficult and they may be resistant to miscellany.Flat this occurs when in that respect atomic number 18 no management levels, when all staff report to one overall manager primarily get wind outn in small businesses. The advantages to this structure argon kick downstairs communication and relationship between different roles, simple, fast decision making process, easier to convince and adapt. On the other hand the disadvantages may be that employees may be less(prenominal) specialised and it is difficult to maintain this structure as the company grows.I would say we are between a flat and hierarchical structure beca practice session we are salve relatively a small business wholly when growing, there are fewer levels of management. We contain our directors, managers and live leaders so it is a fairly direct chain of command with leaders having irritate to the directors very easily as we all work very nigh to besother scarce you crapper see as we grow levels pass on be added.Change management theories line of business environments are constantly changing and evolving such as social media and mobile capability devour changed they stylus we do business which means there is an ever increas ing demand to change and therefore change management. Change is a key source of competitive advantage and change is all round survival. There are several key change management models such as Kotter J.P.(2012) invented the eight step model for leading change. score a sense of fatality if pile reckon the organisation is doing fine there bequeath be little penury for change. It is of the essence(predicate) that your employees see the bespeak for change. This is the most important and difficult step to declare authoritative everyone is on the same scallywag in fiat to make the change happen.Bring everyone unneurotic it is prerequisite to stigmatize out a strong leader to convince employee that the change is necessary.Create a clear mental imagery and strategy having a clear trance allows people to remember easily what your are asking them to do.Communicate your vision to others- share the visions and make sure all staff understand what we are aiming for. It is imp ortant to talk close to your vision often and use it passing(a) to make decision and solve problems.Re give notice obstacles- to clear obstacles and deliver a hind end do attitude this will dish up empower employees satisfy your vision and bottom of the inning onwards.Motivate with short term wins- this will nominate confidence and allowing staff achieve short term goals will face them a taste of supremacy. You want it to be achievable with little room for failure, so that they will want to get to the final detail of the change process.Build on the change- saying the above you get hold of to be protective(predicate) not reward too early and defy moving frontwards and building on the change.Change to become the core of the organisation- to avoid anile habits creeping back in the change that came in place needs to be imbedded into the heart of the company.The real change requires a subtle motivation driven tone- antecedent and is broad based rather than narrow and streng pasted on inclusion. Therefore collaboration is the base for success and to achieve that there must be a wide spread perception for change. We need to grammatical construction at our own competitive situation and effective communication is key to getting the word out and achieving employee engagement. Change is only achievable if everyone participates.In relation to how this Kotters change model is suitable for a change process with our organisational structure gouge be shown through an grammatical case of change we encounter currently put into action in our company.As part of a requirement by our governing body in the electric razorcare indus emphasise we must keep a scholarship journal for each child, tracking and tracing the developments in their learning during their cartridge clip in our nursery. For galore(postnominal) grade this was a manual hand written process, each child had a large word processed book that our members of staff needful to complete throu ghout the childs duration in the nursery. We then needed to keep these records for numerous years. Looking back on this now it was a commode of paperwork and you need a herd of space to store these records. Over the endure ii years we have come ind a change in this form of record keeping procedure and are now processing everything on a on-line course of study called tapis. This on-line learning journal is an innovative, date effective and kind to the environment form of keeping these records. We toilette prepare this change as an employment of how we can use Kotters theory to spiel this change to vivification.As stratum one says the hardest rent out of this change was to let off the need of it to the staff. It was important to germinate the staff and get them to understand the fatality for this change. The urgency beingness to move with the times and go paper less and digital, this was a daunting thought for them as many another(prenominal) did not have strong IT skills and feared this process being difficult. We need to match our competitors and make sure we were part of the change that was happening in the industry. This application Tapestry is not only for inputting entropy near a child but it has an synergistic live element to it where parents can log in and see the work we are doing and their childs achievements. This was a major reason for us wanting to introduce this change so that we can improve our communication with parents and repay them a live insight to what we do with the children in our setting.After numerous meetings and discussions with our staff they understood the need for this change which actually helped us move forward. By educating them and well-favoured them so much randomness roughly the program, training them how to use it and explaining the benefits to us all they all came on board excited to get started. We created a clear vision and made sure it was communicated and brought in to our passing(a) working l ives.We set them small and achievable steps to show them they can do it and make them with rewards for their achievements. We recognised the staff that did a great job and told them all that by working and helping each other we can be amend. We offered a lot of training in groups and one on one so that no one was left behind or struggling.We empowered them by setting deadlines for information about their key children to be inputted and then checked their work and give them feedback on their achievements. This really motivated them as they were proud of what they have accomplished and felt that we really took time out of our day to say well done.Now two year into this change we are about to go live to parents and are spirit forward to this being the start of a new era. Using this curriculum has really become a part of our daily working life and cant imagine going back to the old way. There are so many ways we can and are moving forward in our industry today but this is just one e xample of how we can manage change.In saying the above we can mien at how Kubler-Ross (1960) change curve model can be discussed in relation to the example of us changing programs to Tapestry. Kubler- Ross Change Curve is a reliable tool to understand change and the orders associated with it, it is about us being able to help our employees adapt to change and move towards success.As we can see from the model above it is translated into the 5 stages of the grieving process. The 5 stages include in this model are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance, this also holds true when it comes to business or employment and we need to understand during the change process at what stage our employees are at. If our employees do not make personal changes or transitions during our change process we will not see the benefits of this change or move forward.It is important to upkeep our staff through every stage of any change we implement in order for us to realise success, this ca n be shown in the amount of training we invest in and support we give our staff to give them the tools they need to achieve. At stage one this can be shock or denial to the accompaniment that change needs to occur and they may need to adapt to something new. info is key at this stage, it will take time to digest and giving them fill outledge and constantly communicating will empower them to be reassured in the change.Stage two once all has settled and everything becomes clear they may begin to feel fear of what lies ahead of them. It is natural to fright and believe that you can not make this change happen and hesitancy yourself and your capability. It can also make them feel anger or intractable because they may have been comfortable in what they were doing and change means learning something new. This is an important stage to manage and batten it is controlled so that employees stick with you. erstwhile again communication is essential.Stage three at this point employees understand the change and may start to bargain and possibly learn only what they think is necessary. This is when training is key and decisive to tally that everyone receives the best information and access to mentoring. It is important not to rush this stage and why we have taken nearly two years for our staff to trial the program earlier it goes live to parents. Allowing them to make mistakes and learn from them so that we are well equipped when this dust is introduced.Stage four is the point at which clean and motivation can be low so when providing our training we try and make it as interactive and fun as possible so not only do they remember what is being taught but make happy themselves in the process meaning they will do their best.Stage 5 is when we all really start to embrace the change and when we will really start moving forward.There are numerous other theories gettable for us to look at when discussing change management but for the two that I have analysed we ca n clearly see the difference between the two model but their relevance and importance are still the same in the example I have given regarding Tapestry. In conclusion it has shown me that when it comes to any change within the organisation we need to ensure everyone is on board, educated, supported and enthusiastic about the image in order for it to succeed. Change can not be made to happen by one person it takes the whole company to want to come together to move us forward, therefore we need to make sure we are able to manage the change/ purge, our staff and ourselves throughout the whole process.1.2 crush stakeholder mapping techniques used for managing and evaluating changeWhen it comes to managing projects and implementing ideas the actions you take can effect a lot of people and some of these people will have to a greater extent influence over the success of our project to a greater extent than others. Therefore keen who these people are before you start is incredibly import ant. This is because you are more likely to succeed if you have the support of your key stakeholders. Stakeholders are people pursuited in our business they can be internal i.e. employees and owners or external i.e. suppliers, customers and government. It is important to understand who our key stakeholders are, this is where you would use a stakeholders map. The actions you take when you look at the power versus interestingness the stakeholder has being exalted or low.Stakeholder Power and Interest Mapping Bryson (2004)( reference pointd Mindtools.com)From the drawing above you can see there are four types of stakeholders, those ofHigh power/high interest these are your most important stakeholders that you should keep informed and close to your project. For us this would be our Directors and managersHigh power/low interest these stakeholders are to be kept satisfied, their power is high so they can influence your project but their interest is low so this is unlikely.Low power/h igh interest keep these people informed as this can support your project. For us this would be our employees and customers.Low power/low interest to be monitored with little effort as these stakeholders cant influence your project and are unlikely to be involved.This analytical tool will help you better understand where to focus your energy and time. It is important to spend a lot of strategic effort thinking about where your real power is held and knowing how to keep our key stakeholders engaged. In relation to keeping them engaged we need to ensure we are communicating with them victimization the right channels and tools of communication. The disadvantage of this tool is that unless you really know your stakeholders well you can place them falsely on your grid. A common mistake is by putting a stakeholder where you want them to be not where they really should be. Thats why it is important to know who they are, meet them, interview them and understand their values and beliefs, t his knowledge will help place them in the correct position on the grid and will really give us a clear picture of who to focus on.In regards to managing and evaluating change such as the example I gave above of us introducing a new on-line learning journal Tapestry I would use this grid to pin point all stakeholders and approach them about my project. I would do research on their thoughts and ideas for this new system and use this information to make my decisions.Making informative decisions is the key to success and having lots of information from the relevant people will make my project and change run smoothly. The more preparation we take at this beginning stage the easier the transition will be to make a life-size change in our business.Stakeholder Salience model (Mitchell 1997)Unlike the power/interest grid above this model uses three parameters to categorise power is the ability to influence the business, legitimacy is the authority and level of conflict they have on a busi ness and urgency is the time expected to respond to their expectations.Source Creative communicationFrom the diagram above where these three factors meet shows you who your die-ditch stakeholder is and these are the people you need to focus on. The other type of stakeholder that should have your attention is the dominant one as their power and legitimacy is high but their urgency is low.1.3 Analyse techniques to evaluate changeIt is important and vital for us to evaluate the changes we make and meter their results. We need to know if we were lucky or not in order to learn for future projects. Evaluating ourselves and our projects allows to better make decisions and helps reduce uncertainty, increases learning and control of what we are doing.One regularity of evaluating change is through Key Performance Indicators (KPI) this is when measures can be set against our objective to see if they are working. We need to gather data and information over time. By doing this it gives us a snapshot of our company and give us warnings to something that may be wrong. We need to look at what the key factors of our business for us is our customers and ensuring that people keep enquiring and joining our nursery. We can measure the number of enquires we get and then look at the success place of those enquirers, did they register and did they join the nursery? These questions and results will give us a clear picture of what we are doing wrong and how we can do better.What can come out of this is that we need more training for the people who are giving the nursery tours, educate them in marketing and sales techniques to ensure every person that steps through our door leaves wanting to be a part of our business. When we look at a KPI we need to make sure they are meaningful to us and that we are tracking something that will help us make better decisions.In relation to the example I have been giving above use moving to using Tapestry we are currently at the piloting stage wh ere we are going live to 4 parents to trial the system and learn about the other side the customers point of view, what do they see, how useful is it, what problems do they have using it etc. We are using this trial period to educate us before we go live to the whole nursery, we are selecting a variety of parents and children to get a broad perspective of their views.This evaluation stage is key to seeing if this change was worth the effort and time. Obviously before this point we are confident that we made the right choice to move the company forward in regards to technology and moving with the times but we could be wrong and that this system will not bring that many benefits but until we listen to our customer, ask the questions we need answering we will not know, we would be assuming.1.4 Evaluate the relationship between change management, business perseveration and crisis managementThis is a process of preparing for something that most likely will neer happen, we may find this a waste of time but it is important. Change management as we have seen is about thoughtful planning, implementation, consultation and involvement of the people affected by the change. From this we have learnt that there are many theories and models to manage change but overall its about preparation which link into business continuity. Its all about being ready for example like the Y2K crisis everyone believed the whole world would shut down in the year 2000.Business continuity is about anticipating the worst and being as ready as you can for this. Anything that interrupts normal business activity such as power outages, system failure, natural disasters etc can happen and we need to think about this and be lively. An example of something basic we do is fire drills, invacuations, risk sagacity etc. These are small examples but if we are well wide-awake then it can not end in disaster.Crisis is not about if it will happen to you its about how, when and why will it happen. It may be like a single event but its not it can set off a chain reaction. It is important to identify the things that are creating conditions where crisis can happen and proactively form a divert crisis portfolio. This about preparing for a wide era of crisis and pick up early warning signals, look at key assumptions, build a damage control plan, think and act. Coming out of a crisis well can really move your business forward or not being crisis prepared can damage our company to points of no return.Examples can be what if our utilities failed such as our toilets, heating etc, we need to have maintenance companies on hand to have things doctored quickly so that we dont need to close the nursery. This happened last week when on of our toilets broke, I have a contract with a company that can help with plumbers, electricians, decorators etc so if I call they can send me anyone to repair the problem. It is important that I am prepared if something goes wrong, closing the nursery is the last measure. I have to have contacts and information of people who can help me in times of need. Another crisis issue we deal with is recruitment, we can do our best to have a bank of staff CVs but once a staff member has handed notice we dont have long to find someone to replace them. The only way to avoid this crisis is about prediction and having good communication with your staff and knowing if they are distressed or are looking to come along their career. If we have this information then we will not be surprised if they want to leave or we can try and get them to stay with incentives like pay increase, further training, promotions etc.This simple information can really make a difference to the way we prepare for these events. Knowledge is power and allows you to be in control.I need to know how to identify risk and how to handle them. We do daily risk assessments and check our building to make sure we are catching early signs of anything going wrong to ensure it doesnt become cris is point, its about being aware and proactive. Because we are taking these proactive measures everyday to insert trust in our employees, customers and stakeholders that we know what we are doing. If something was to happen we are well prepared and trained in handling the situations. If you are not prepared for the worst it can destroy your company and you will loss your reputation.

Types And Uses Of Fertilizers

Types And Uses Of fertilisersFertilizers ar substances that supply plant food for thoughts or amend disfigurement fertility. They be the most effective means of increasing arrange end product and of mitigate the quality of food and fodder. Fertilizers ar employ in order to tack the inhering nutrient supply in the soil, especially to correct the ( pay-limiting) minimum factor.Fertilizers atomic number 18 soil amendments employ to promote plant egress the briny nutrients present in fertiliser are north, phosphorus, and potassium (the macronutrients) and other nutrients (micronutrients) are added in smaller nitty-grittys. Fertilizers are normally directly employ to soil, and withal sprayed on leaves (foliar feeding). innate fertilisers or and somewhat mined in extreme plant foods everywherehear been customd for umpteen centuries, whereas chemical substancely synthesized in extreme fertilizers were only widely substantial during the industrial revolution. Incre ased understanding and employment of fertilizers were important parts of the pre-industrial British Agricultural Revolution and the industrial green revolution of the 20th century. inorganic fertilizer use has in like manner signifi tramptly supported globose world growth it has been estimated that almost half the people on the Earth are currently fed as a reply of artificial north fertilizer use.Fig 1Fertilizers typically provide, in varying proportionsThe common chord radical macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).The triad secondary macronutrients calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg).and the micronutrients or trace minerals boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se).The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities and are present in plant tissue in quantities from 0.2% to 4.0% (on a juiceless matter weight basis).There are some examples of it-Fig 2 Fig 3Different Typ es of FertilizersFertilizers are chemical compounds use to promote plentiful plant and fruit growth. Fertilizers are apply through soil for uptake by plant grow, or by applying quiet fertilizer directly to plant leaves. They typical fertilizer provides proportions of the troika major plant nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The secondary plant nutrients such as calcium, sulfur, and magnesium are alike contained in fertilizers. Fertilizers bottom be placed into categories of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. radical Fertilizers internally occurring fertilizers includeManureWorm castingsPeat mossSeaweed cloacaGuanoOrganic fertilizers are used to enrich soil through nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere by bacterial nodules on plant roots, as thoroughly as phosphorus content of soils. Processed organic materials from infixed sources include compost, blood repast pulverized blood, and b i (crushed ground bones) meal from organic meat output signal faci lities, and seaweed extracts.There is more diversity with organic fertilizers, so choosing the right one is not always easy. In ordinary organic fertilizers piece of assnot causa plant burns, get into ground water, affect skirt growth, and do not need as strict of watering schedules.Organic fertilizer sources-AnimalsAnimals-Sourced urea , are suitable for activity organic agriculture, while pure synthetic leaps of urea are not. The common thread that undersurface be seen through these examples is that organic agriculture attempts to define itself through stripped-down processing (in contrast to the man-made Haber process), as well as organism naturally occurring or via natural biological processes such as composting. sewage sludge use in organic agricultural ope balancens in the U.S. has been extremely bound and rare due to USDA prohibition of the intrust (due to toxic metal accumulation, among other factors). The USDA now requires 3rd-party certification of high up-nit rogen liquid organic fertilizers sold in the U.S.Plant-C all over crops are also grown to enrich soil as a green muck through nitrogen fixation from the atmosphere as well as phosphorus (through nutrient mobilization) content of soils.Mineral-Naturally mined powdered limestone, mined rock orthophosphate and sodium process, are inorganic (in a chemical sense), are energetically intensive to harvest, and yet are authorise for usage in organic agriculture in minimal amounts.Benefits of Organic MaterialBy nature organic fertilizers provide gaind somatogenic and biological storage mechanisms to soils, trim down risks of over fertilization. Organic fertilizers nutrient content, solubility, and nutrient bring on rates are typically more lower than inorganic fertilizers. Over fertilization of a vital nutrient can be as detrimental as under fertilization to a plant. Fertilizer burn can occur when too much fertilizer is applied resulting in the drying out of roots along with damage a nd even expiration to plants. All organic fertilizers are classified as slow release fertilizers. Studies meet found that organic fertilizersRelease 25% to 60% of nitrogen as inorganic.Controlled release fertilizers had a relatively constant rate of release. dissolvable fertilizer released most of its nitrogen content at the first leaching.inorganic Fertilizers Naturally occurring inorganic fertilizers include sodium nitrate, mined rock phosphate and lime stone which is used to raise pH and calcium sources.Macronutrients and MicronutrientsFertilizers can be divided into macronutrients and micronutrients based on their concentration levels in dry plant matter. There are six macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (3 main primary elements), calcium, magnesium, and sulfur.Macronutrient Fertilizers-Synthesized materials are also called artificial, and may also be called straight were a product contains the three primary elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertiliz ers are named according to the content of the three elements in the fertilizer. If the main ingredient in the fertilizer is nitrogen, then the fertilizer will be described as a nitrogen fertilizer. scarcely regardless of the name of the fertilizer they are labeled according to the amounts of each of these primary elements, by their weight.The amount of nitrogen will encourage growth of stems and leaves by promoting protein and chlorophyll. more Flowers, bigger fruits, and healthier roots will result from added phosphorus, and it will also help plants resist certain diseases. Potassium thickens stems and leaves by fostering protein development, meaning the vegetables would prefer a different potassium ratio than meridians or fruit plants would.Benefits of inorganic fertilizersSynthetic fertilizers are commonly used to treat palm used for developing maize, followed by barley, sorghum, rapeseed, soy and sunflower. ane study has shown that exercise of nitrogen fertilizer on off-s eason cover crops can increase the biomass (and subsequent green manure value) of these crops, while having a effective effect on soil nitrogen levels for the main crop put during the summer season.Nutrients in soil develop in symbiosis, which can be thrown out of balance with high concentrations of fertilizers. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil food web means any appraisal of soil manoeuver must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist indoors the soil. Stability of the system is reduced by the use of nitrogen-containing inorganic and organic fertilizers, which curtilage soil acidification.Problem with inorganic fertilizersTrace mineral depletion- many an(prenominal) inorganic fertilizers may not commute trace mineral elements in the soil which be comply gradually depleted by crops. This depletion has been linked to studies which have shown a marked fall (up to 75%) in the quantities of such minerals present in fruit a nd vegetables.In western sandwich Australia deficiencies of zinc, copper, manganese, iron and molybdenum were determine as limiting the growth of broad-acre crops and pastures in the 1940s and 1950s. Soils in Western Australia are very old, highly weathered and deficient in many of the major nutrients and trace elements. Since this time these trace elements are routinely added to inorganic fertilizers used in agriculture in this state.Over fertilization-Over-fertilization of a vital nutrient can be as detrimental as under fertilization. Fertilizer burn can occur when too much fertilizer is applied, resulting in a drying out of the roots and damage or even death of the plant.Burning of plantsHigh readiness consumption-The production of synthetic ammonia currently consumes around 5% of global natural louse up consumption, which is somewhat fewer than 2% of world nil productions.Natural bobble is overwhelmingly used for the production of ammonia, but other energy sources, togethe r with a hydrogen source, can be used for the production of nitrogen compounds suitable for fertilizers. The cost of natural gas makes up well-nigh 90% of the cost of producing ammonia. The increase in price of natural gases over the past decade, along with other factors such as increasing demand, has contributed to an increase in fertilizer price.Long-Term Sustainability-Inorganic fertilizers are now produced in ways which theoretically cannot be continued indefinitely. Potassium and phosphorus come from mines (or saline lakes such as the Dead Sea) and such resources are limited. More effective fertilizer work practices may, however, decrease present usage from mines. change knowledge of crop production practices can authorityly decrease fertilizer usage of P and K without reducing the critical need to improve and increase crop yields. Atmospheric (unfixed) nitrogen is effectively unlimited (forming over 70% of the atmospheric gases), but this is not in a form useful to plants. To make nitrogen accessible to plants requires nitrogen fixation (conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a plant-accessible form).Artificial nitrogen fertilizers are typically synthesized use fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal, which are limited resources. In lieu of converting natural gas to syngas for use in the Haber process, it is also possible to convert renewable biomass to syngas (or wood gas) to supply the necessary energy for the process, though the amount of land and resources (ironically often including fertilizer) necessary for such a project may be prohibitive (see Energy conservation in the United States).Applications of fertilizerThere are so many reachs where fertilizer is used in high proportion. Agriculture is the one of field among them. There is some region where fertilizer is used-Broadcast-broadcasting consists of uniformly distributing dry or liquid materials over the soil surface, usually out front sowing. The fertilizer maybe incorporated into the soil mechanically, or odd on the surface to be washed in by pelting or irrigation. Incorporation into the AP horizon can be by change state (2-3 cm depth), a cultivator (4-6 cm depth) or by plough (incorporation to plough depth). Broadcasting is the simplest and cheapest method and is best suited for high-speed operations and heavy application rates, especially before planting.Side or vertex dressing-Fertilizer is side or top-dressed when it is applied after the crop has emerged, and/or when the dose is split for two or more applications. classify applications can be beneficial in some cases, especially for yearbook crops with a long growing period. Split application of KCl is also recommended for crops growing on low CEC soils, where K can be lost by leaching K side by side(p) high rainfall or unornamented irrigation. Soybean responded significantly up to 50 kg K ha-1 when applied half at planting and half at flower initiation, or applying one tercet at planting, one third at flower initiation and one third at pod development. Splitting the K application is also used in orchards and for other perennial crops, especially for alfalfa and grasses. In trials in a Commercial field of Lucerne, the largest yields, up to 3.15 t ha-1 in 26 days, were on plots treated with 948 kg K ha-1 as KCl in 3 applications. In areas of Cl deficient soils, top-dressed applications of KCl for gloam sown small grains may be more effective than preplant applications because of the potential for Cl leaching from the root zone due to rainfall.Foliar applicationFoliar application involves the use of KCl in solution. It results in fast K absorption and utilization and has the advantage of quickly correcting deficiencies diagnosed by observation or foliar analysis. Other advantages are low application rates, and uniform distribution of fertilizer.However, foliar fertilization is supplementary to and cannot replace the basal fertilization.Foliar application should be done during p eriods of low temperature and relatively high humidity, such in the early morning or late evening. other the salts may cause leaf burning and necrosis especially when applied in concentrations above those recommended. Because of its osmotic action, KCl applied on leaves is not well tolerated by plants and so is not usually used for foliar application. Nevertheless, it can be beneficial in some cases.Rice-A foliar application of 10 kg KCl m-3 to rice at panicle initiation, boot leaf and 50% blossom breaker points, both in the monsoon and winter seasons, significantly increased seed yield and improved quality (seed germination and 100-seed weight). Splitting a total of 95 kg ha-1 of KCl to rice, a third at sowing in soil, a third as a foliar spray at flag leaf stage and a third as foliar spray at grain development, gave larger yields than a soil application all at sowing .A foliar spray applying 3.9 kg K ha-1 (as 10 kg KCl m-3) three times at one week intervals from full head of ri ce cv.Environmental effects of fertilizer useWater Eutrophication-The nitrogen-rich compounds found in fertilizer run-off is the primary cause of a serious depletion of oxygen in many parts of the ocean, especially in coastal zones the resulting lack of dissolved oxygen is greatly reducing the ability of these areas to sustain oceanic fauna.Visually, water may become abstruse and discolored (green, yellow, brown, or red).About half of all the lakes in the United States are now eutrophic, while the number of oceanic dead zones near populate coastlines are increasing. As of 2006, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is being more and more controlled in Britain and the United States. If Eutrophication can be reversed, it may take decades before the accumulated nitrates in groundwater can be broken down by natural processes.High application rates of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers in order to maximize crop yields, combined with the high solubilitys of these fertilizers leads to incre ased overspill into surface water as well as leaching into groundwater. The use of ammonium nitrate in inorganic fertilizers is particularly damaging, as plants occupy ammonium ions preferentially over nitrate ions, while plain nitrate ions which are not absorbed dissolve (by rain or irrigation) into runoff or groundwater.Fig 10Soil acidification Nitrogen-containing inorganic and organic fertilizers can cause soil acidification when added. This may lead to decreases in nutrient approachability which may be offset by liming.Heavy metal accumulation-The concentration of up to 100 mg/kg of certificate of deposit in phosphate minerals (for example, minerals from Nauru and the Christmas islands)increases the contamination of soil with cadmium, for example in New Zealand. uracil is another example of a contaminant often found in phosphate fertilizers (at levels from 7 to 100 pCi/g). Eventually these heavy metals can skeletal frame up to unacceptable levels and build up in vegetable produce. (See cadmium poisoning) Average annual intake of uranium by adults is estimated to be about 0.5 mg (500 g) from ingestion of food and water and 0.6 g from breathing air. sword industry wastes, recycled into fertilizers for their high levels of zinc (essential to plant growth), wastes can include the following toxic metals lead arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel. The most common toxic elements in this caseful of fertilizer are mercury, lead, and arsenic. Concerns have been raised concerning fish meal mercury content by at least one source in Spain.Also, highly radioactive Polonium-210 contained in phosphate fertilizers is absorbed by the roots of plants and stored in its tissues tobacco derived from plants fertilized by rock phosphates contains Polonium-210 which emits alpha radiation estimated to cause about 11,700 lung cancer deaths each year worldwide.For these reasons, it is recommended that nutrient budgeting, through overcareful observation and monitoring of cr ops, take place to mitigate the effects of excess fertilizer application.Atmospheric effects-Methane emissions from crop fields (notably rice paddy fields) are increased by the application of ammonium-based fertilizers these emissions contribute greatly to global climate change as methane is a potent babys room gas. with the increasing use of nitrogen fertilizer, which is added at a rate of 1 billion tons per year presently to the already existing amount of reactive nitrogen, nitrous oxide (N2O) has become the third most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane. It has a global warming potential 296 times larger than an equal mass of carbon dioxide and it also contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. warehousing and application of some nitrogen fertilizers in some weather or soil conditions can cause emissions of the potent greenhouse gas-nitrous oxide. Ammonia gas (NH3) may be emitted following application of inorganic fertilizers and/or manures and slurrie s.The use of fertilizers on a global scale emits significant quantities of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.Emissions come about through the use ofanimal manures and urea, which release methane, nitrous oxide, ammonia, and carbon dioxide in varying quantities depending on their form (solid or liquid) and solicitude (collection, storage, spreading)fertilizers that use nitric acid or ammonium bicarbonate, the production and application of which results in emissions of nitrogen oxides, nitrous oxide, ammonia and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.By changing processes and procedures, it is possible to mitigate some, but not all, of these effects on anthropogenic climate change.

Charles Dickens’s David Copperfield Essay -- GCSE English Literature Co

Charles hellions David Copperfield David Copperfield was Charles deuces eighth legend, and has been give tongue to to be Charles the Tempter favorite novel. In the Charles deuce edition of the novel daemon states, It will be easily believed that I am a fond parent to every child of my fancy, and that no one shtup ever sock that family as dearly as I love them. But, like many fond parents, I have in my warmheartedness of hearts a favorite child. And his name is David Copperfield(Valsmis 1). Many of the events of the novel, David Copperfield, have been compared to Charles ogre own life therefore many believe the novel to be somewhat autobiographical. John Forster one of Charles Dickens close friends and the author of Dickens biography wrote, too much had been assumedof the full identity of Dickens with his hero but certainly a good deal of Dickenss character and experience went into the book(Unknown 2). Forsters remark deals primarily with some of the public s belief that the entire story of David Copperfield was autobiographical. Charles Dickens began work on David Copperfield after John Forster questioned him about his childhood. E. D. H. Johnsons, Charles Dickens An cosmos to His Novels, discussed a conversation that John Forster overheard between Charles Dickenss stimulate and a man, in which the man claimed that he remembered a young Dickens working in his factory (Johnson 1). Johnson stated, Forsters curiosity over this chance breakthrough moved Dickens to write the fragment of an autobiography which he by and by entrusted to his friend when he decided to incorporate the substance of his recollections almost verbatim in the Murdstone and Grinby episode of David Copperfield(Johnson 1). D... ...vid Copperfield.http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/engl253-01s02/dickens/publicationrecep.htmOther Sites interesting SourcesHornback, Bert. David Copperfield in Noahs architecture A Study of Dickens Mythology. Athens, OH Ohio State P, 1972 63-82.Needham. Gwendolyn B. The Undisciplined Heart of David Copperfield in Nineteenth-Century fable 9 (1954) 81-107. Reprinted in David Copperfield,Norton Critical Edition, Ed. Jerome H. Buckley, New York W.W. Norton and Company, 1990 794-806.Nussbaum, Martha C. Steerforths Arm Love and the honorable Point of View from Loves Knowledge Essays on Philosophy and Literature (New York Oxford UP, 1990 335-363).<op</opStewart, Garrett. Dickens and Language, in Cambridge Companion to Charles Dickens, Ed. John O. Jordan, New York Cambridge UP, 2001 136-151.

A Small, Good Thing, by Raymond Carver Essay -- Raymond Carver

The short story, A Small, Good Thing by Raymond statue maker tells of two American parents dealing with their sons hospitalization and death as the result of a hit-and-run car accident. The insensitive actions of their local baker add to their anger and confusion, yet by the end of the story, leave them with a sense of optimism and strength. With such content, cutlery runs the risk of coming across as sentimental however, this is not the case, and the anguish of the parents and their shock at the situation is convey with dignity and understatement. It is a story with a broad appeal the childlike prose makes it accessible to a wide audience, while the complex themes and issues make it charitable to the educated reader. Written in Carvers characteristically minimalist dash, the story affectingly evokes not only the trauma of the death of a child, but alike the breakdown of communication and empathy in society. The plain and direct narrative style suits the content, conveying t he lack of communication that is central to the narrative - betwixt the parents, between the hospital staff, and with the baker. Critically, it is generally considered one of Carvers strongest short stories. It is a tale of isolation and of grief, but also of hope, and, with its fluid, pared-down style, clearly demonstrates why Carver is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers of the late 20th century. On the surface, the story of A Small, Good Thing is simple and universal. Thirty-three-year-old Ann Weiss orders a cake for her sons Scottys eighth natal day and is a little put off by the bakers cold situation - (he) was not jolly. There were no pleasantries between them, just the minimum rally of words, the necessary information. However, she soo... ...- emotional yet not melodramatic sparsely scripted yet still complex a human story which explores the lordly nature of fate. The writing style is fresh and invigorating the characters salubrious-drawn, the narrative driv ing, the themes thought-provoking. term some readers are likely to be frustrated by the throttle exposition and the abruptness of the actions, most could be expected to find it well worth their attention. A Small, Good Thing has become a minimalist classic, and a close reading should clearly demonstrate why Carver is regarded as one of the strongest short-story writers in recent times.BibliographyClarke, Graham. Investing the Glimpse Raymond Carver and the Syntax of Silence. The New American Writing Essays on American literature Since 1970. Ed. Graham Clarke. New York St. Martins, 1990. 99-122.http//cai.ucdavis.edu/enl3/minimalism.htm

Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Austen Prid

earn in Jane Austens Pride and PrejudicePride and Prejudice is one of the gigantic love stories of our time. Itscontinued popularity shows that its essential accounting can still beadapted to modern day life. Set in the 1800s, it tells the love storyof two people who gradually learn to understand each opposite andthemselves.In the time that the newfangled is set, modern agent of communication, forexample telephones and computers were non yet invented. The most in effect(p) way of corresponding, especially over unyielding distances, wereletters. In this period, when people met in formal circumstances, forinstance at a ball, where they were in company and never alone, theycould not express their inner thoughts. earn provided aconfidential way to do this. This is also true to the fabrication whereJane Austen cargonfully composes the letters. There is more c are andattention paid to their anatomical structure and content as letters are they area constant record of thoughts th at can be revisited and re-read, werecarefully crafted to provide the exact marrow of each letter. Theletters apply in Pride and Prejudice shows us a glimpse of a typefaces personality and their viewpoint. They are a key feature ofconveying a new citation and developing the plot. It is not anaccident that over forty letters or letter extracts are used in Prideand Prejudice. They are an effective means of illuminating citeswhere dwelling on individual reflections is not a style used much bythe author. Also we gain an sharpness into the recipient of the letterthrough their response.One of the first letters used in Pride and Prejudice to introduce anew timbre is Mr Collins letter. This letter gives us our firstopportunity to assess ... ...turesLydia white avenss character.In this essay I have shown three examples of letters. In each of theseletters we have seen how they have introduced, changed perceptions andshown us in reasonableness a character. Letters are an integral part of thenovel they are threaded through the story to add variety, drama anddevelop character detail. Without letters it would be hard to moveplot on and deplume up the pace of the novel. They are used as a means ofproviding drama to the novel. They often reveal dramatic detail andprovide an mental picture of news being discovered immediately. Lettersoffer a helpful structural device to add variety to how the plot isrevealed. This in number shows the variety and imagination of Austensstyle. They also are entertaining additions to the novel on their own,often giving engaging or moving insights into character andsituation.

Analysis of To His Coy Mistress Essay -- To His Coy Mistress, Andrew M

To his coy mistress is about shakeual feelings and infatuation, found on the Italian tradition of courtly admire - it is filled with wish and references to sexual activity and deviancy but is generally a one sided drive in, the full-page poem is about the man wooing the woman and persuading her that she should have sex with him. Throughout the first stanza the poet writes how he would love the woman, had they had all the period in the world. The love is much exaggerated. I would love you ten years sooner the flood This is clearly an exaggerated statement because the flood happened in front Christ, before the poet or the woman even existed. This portrays that he would love her forever. My vegetable love would grow vasterand more slow The poet is talking about time, about his love growing slowly but surely over time. The reference to a vegetable the natural fruit of the earth symbolises how the love for the woman will grow over years, from a s eed getting bigger over time- its natural and deep rooted love. The end of the poem becomes more weighty and hasted. The poet gets more desperate for the woman to accept his offer and to agree to sopor with him. A clear indication of a change in musical note is take the standn in stanza two BUT times winged chariot zip near Where the word But is placed at the start of the article of faith usually indicates that the statement before the but is about to be contradicted with a sentence of the opposite meaning (he was good BUT he is being bad) the use of personification verbs add to the tone of the poem making time seem as a winged chariot emphasises the rush that the poet is in,... ...time Seemed nighttime at noon day Though in the poem the endorser is not given a sense of hurrying and anticipation but a sense of confusion portraying the emotional distress the poet is going through. As the poem progresses into the third and last stanza the po et writes of his rejection and his pain cause by the issuing he had so hopelessly fallen in love with. Is loves cheat always beguile? this is a rhetorical question, comparing the of love which is purview to be warm and loving with passionate heat and comfort (positive) to snow cold harsh snow, with no colour, which is bleak and which brings death to all backing things (negative) - again the poet is using contrasting aspects in one sentence to show confusion too. The poet has been made to feel that love is a horrible, harsh and gall feeling.

Music :: essays research papers

b deficiency lovage Graham doorbell was born on March 3,1847 and died on April 2,1922. He is the guy who we all have to thank for inventing the telephone, without him how could we communicate? In 1866 ships bell experimented on the thinking of how to produce vowel sounds. He came up with the thought of combing the note of electrically driven forks, which gave him the idea of telegraphing speech. Bell with the lack of electric knowledge, ask for help from a local electrical knock off testifyer named Thomas A. Watson. After many months of working together the 2 finally accomplished something. On June 2,1875 Watson heard a sound attack from over Bells end of the wire, with some tinkering the device genetical Bells voice to Watson. Bell soon begins to write a patent for his first telephone. Besides difficult to complete the telephone, Bell was trying to help out the deaf children. He opened a shallow in Boston to train teachers to teach and tutor the deaf. He was in any case the professor of vocal physiology at Boston University. Alexander did many lectures and tutoring at this time, helping many deaf students. Bells health was not doing so swell up in 1875 because of the long nights, this led him to return to his parents stand in Canada to recuperate. In 1875 after many years of working timeless nights and with the financial help of George Sander and Mabel Hubbard, the two finish the telephone and Bell soon got a patent for the telephone in 1876. Sigmund Freud was born on May 6,1856. He was the child of Jakob and Amaline Freud who also had 7 other children, scarcely Sigmund was his mothers favorite. He was the only one to have his own room and he could do whatever he wanted to. At the age of 17 he enter the University of Vienna to become a doctor. Freud studies the meaning of personality and characteristic. Freud came up with one of the first personality possibleness in 1901, known as the Theory of Psychoanalysis. The word psychoanalysis to us, c ore a doctor treating a nutty/troubled patient on a couch, making a lot of money. The theory is broken trim down into three section, the first being the central role of sexual instinct, the support the concept of infantile sexuality and the third is the dominate part contend by the unconscious in shaping human thought and behavior.

Argument for Welfare in the United States Essay -- essays research pap

Can a single m some other of three functional full time for minimum wage afford to pay by herself for food, clothing, transportation, kidskincare, occupational training and medical care? Without government aid, the obvious swear out is no. Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF), as described by Robert Kuttner, is a government aid program designed to help whole of the workings poor rise out of poverty. It includes tuition reimbursements, wage supplements, and preceding(prenominal) all, childcare? (Kuttner). It creates a more equal opportunity for those at a disadvantage to improve themselves and their situation. TANF, which limits the time families give the axe remain on welfare, appears to be a smashing success (Cohn). First, if eligibility were to become stricter, seeking employment would become eve more difficult for those in need of aid. Second, it would hinder the ability of an single(a) to become a productive member of society without proper training. And finally, if a family in need is not adequately aided because of strict requirements, they can ultimately suffer more than if they were never on welfare. With this in mind, I believe that welfare programs in the U.S., specifically TANF, let set the coif requirements for eligibility. According to the Department of Human Services (DHS), in order to select and maintain TANF aid, one must ?be pregnant or have a child under age nineteen who lives with them. Any child who is eighteen must be a full-time high schooling student. The applicant must be a U.S. citizen or meet certain immigration requirements. A client must work with DHS staff and develop a plan that outlines the steps they will take to become self-sufficient. Applicants must be screened for issues think to substance abuse, mental health,... ...mistakes or sick children. As a result, a great many people are diligently working exclusively even worse off economically? (Kuttner). This statement illustrates the hoops that working people are jumping through to attain welfare. If these requirements became stricter, TANF and welfare in general, would become more difficult to maintain. This would not only discourage clients further also leave them more in need than before.If society expects these deprived individuals to become self-sufficient, they must understand that they cannot do so without the help of TANF and other welfare programs. Society must also understand that the requirements for eligibility are as strict as possible without hindering the program?s accredited goals. If the requirements become stricter, welfare programs such as TANF, will become slight attainable and will inevitably worsen the welfare state.

The Carnal Prayer Mat by Yu Li Essay -- The Carnal Prayer Mat

Vesperus human beingly dish is a central theme in Li Yus moral comedy, The animal(prenominal) supplication Mat. Whats more, his spirit trajectory parallels non-Mahayana Indic accounts of Siddharthas path to enlightenment, particularly on the emphasis placed on descriptions of two mens physical perfection and their subsequent informal craving and prowess. Both Vesperus and Siddharthas masculine beauty propels them forward on their life paths, piazzaing them in the simultaneously instructive and destructive feminine field of operations of the inner quarter. The wealth of sexual experiences gives both men the necessary perspicacity for their critical realization of the superficiality and emptiness of a life manoeuvre by carnal desires and sexual pursuits of women. As a result, masculine beauty becomes a critical component in and indication of a mans ultimate karmic destiny in The Carnal Prayer Mat. splendid women consequently are positioned as Vesperus sexually instructive tools and immoral opponents. Their move on importance as sites of masculine karmic retribution speaks to the degree to which the novel whole shebang within a Buddhistic framework of gender dichotomies. Ultimately, The Carnal Prayer Mat places beautiful men in a privileged position destined to enlightenment, as their physical perfection affords them access to the critical sexual experiences and lifestyles that they must reject in order attain enlightenment. While The Carnal Prayer Mat is laced with Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist doctrine, this paper aims to understand Buddhist concepts of destiny, karma, and enlightenment through an analysis of representations of masculine ideal beauty in late Imperial China. Vesperus and Siddharthas parallel life journeys, particularly with admiration to experiences i... ...on for all human beings Desire is almost as defiling as the dally itself, however.Desire, in the form of love (raga, a word heart and soul color, but also lewdness, conc upiscence, lust, attraction), is therefore one of the three poisons that pollute and economise human existence (Faure 17). Thus his experiences within inner quarters, defined by his desire for beautiful women that spark sexual excess that simultaneously body forth his virile masculinity, are fundamental components in his journeys to enlightenment.Works CitedFaure, Bernard. The Red palm Buddhist Approaches to Sexulity. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1998. Li, Yu. The Carnal Prayer Mat. Honolulu University of Hawaii Press, 1990. Powers, John. A wangle of a Man Images of Masculinity, Sex, and the Body in Indian Buddhism. Cambridge Harvard University Press, 2009.

Comparing League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Mary Reilly, and Dr. Jekyl

alliance of queer Gentlemen, Mary Reilly, and Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde Robert Louis Stevensons curt novel, The Strange slip-up of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde has spawned many retellings of Dr. Jekylls tale, as well as variations on the newspaper. The Jekyll and Hyde conceit is one that lends itself to many different forms of literature, such as intercommunicate pictures and sequential art. Sometimes liberties are taken in reinterpretations of Mr. Hyde from the original text. This mountain be distinguished in two recent works, The League of rattling(prenominal) Gentlemen, a comic book miniseries by Alan Moore and Kevin ONeill, and Mary Reilly, a bring by Stephen Frears. The appearance of Mr. Hyde has always tended towards the stereotypical hairy man. In fact, the variation of Jekyll into Hyde in movies seem like werewolf transformations. This comes from the frequent mention of Hydes men as being of a dusky pallor and thickly shaded with a swart growth of hair (82). Although Hydes face is never describe as hairy, it tends to be a logical assumption that if the hands are hairy, indeed the face may be as well. Jekylls own appearance is described by his lawyer, Utterson, as being a smooth-faced man of liter (44) and Hyde, for all intents and purposes, is the opposite of Jekyll. The hairiness of Hyde is maintained in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Hyde is drawn as a dark brown man with harsh hair all over his arms and chest, whereas Jekyll is a sm... ...er features are in common. Robert Louis Stevenson, in writing The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde touched upon an universal theme that many others would return to in the years after Stevensons novel was published. consequence to Writing Stuff WORKS CITED Mary Reilly. Dir. Stephen Frears. Perf. Julia Roberts and John Malkovich. Columbia/TriStar, 1996. Moore, Alan, and Kevin ONeill. The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Vol. One. reprints 1-6 and Bumper Compendiums 2nd Print. La Jolla, California Americas Best Comics, 2000. Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Ed. Martin A. Danahay. Orchard Park Broadview Literary Texts, 2000.

Personal Narrative about Smoking Marijuana Essay examples -- Drugs Nar

Sniffed OutAll right chief, puff, puff, passThis reminder of smokers etiquette attempts to rise from the support seat, entirely the bumping speakers drown it out. I am in the drivers seat of my car, floating on a thick cloud of music and smoke. My eyes close, my lungs fill, my head nods and becomes confounded inside a hip-hop haze of bass, utmost hats, and trumpets. Just beforehand Big Boi introduces his Spottieottiedopaliscious Angel a hand cuts through the smoke and whacks me in the back of the head. Leaving the music, I turn around, take a Brobdingnagian toke, give the middle finger (all in good fun), and pass the junction to the backseat. For the next twenty proceeding my friends and I sit in my car, parked, windows up, lay laid back, and fill every crack and crevice with the sweet scent of marijuana smoke. We arent drug dealers or dope fiends. We are well(p) four high develop seniors getting prepared for class.Even though this ritual had been a part of our mornings s ince sophomore year, it became easier to carry out when the school selected us for the aptly named Joint Enrollment program (some might affirm we took the name a little too literally). On Monday, Wednesday, and Friday mornings we attended an incline class at the local college before going to school. Our Tuesday and Thursday mornings were all told open. Even the days we had Joint Enrollment allowed us forty minutes of free-time before second period.The clock flashed 920 and three doors chop-chop opened. Smoke billowed from the car like a shelled out bomb crater. Everyone went to their cars and the gearing to second period commenced. Rubbing my eyes, I turned the ignition, falling into the back of the line.I came around the curve and pulled into the turning lane leading to sch... ...ho render in the choir at my church building, was standing at the top of the agglomerate next to the principal, some teachers, and the superintendent. They all watched me with spite. The next day I woke up thinking that I was the same person I was the day before. I conception I was still the kid who was an honor student and multi-sport athlete. I thought I was the same person who had been active in church since he was a kid and was praised by the entire congregation. I thought I was the same person who always looked out for his family and visited his grandparents twice a week. I know that I never quit being this person, but as far as the rest of the community was concerned, he was nonplus to death in the parking lot in front of the high school doors. They immediately forgot about the former me, and replaced him with a deceitful, drug transaction dope fiend. Hey, but at least I didnt go to jail.